浙江森林火灾发生规律与发展趋势研究

通过对浙江省1988 ~ 2002年的森林火灾报表和1991年以来的森林火灾档案表整理分析预测浙江省森林火灾的发生发展趋势:一是浙江省森林火灾发生的次数总体呈下降趋势;二是森林火灾的火源从生产性火源逐渐转向非生产性火源;三是肇事者趋向老龄化;四是林区内可燃物积累丰厚,发生重、特大森林火灾趋势在增加;五是气候异常,森林火灾多发概率在增大.针对浙江省森林火灾发生规律与发展趋势,提出了森林防火工作的对策.     

森林高火险预警的探讨

统计分析了句容市森林火灾情况，探讨了进行森林火险预报思路、因子初选及资料的分析处理，预报因子的筛选，建立线性方程组，求解预报方程并采用威尔克斯方法进行了判别函数总效果检验，最后提出了预报决策。     

Researches and Application of Fuelbreaks in China

The fuelbreaks were established in south China from 1950s. With the active work of local communities and state government, the fuelbreaks have been built for 398,000 kilometers. In some areas, fuelbreaks and firebreaks have constructed a network primarily, such as in the provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi. The fuelbreaks can prevent forest fire effectively. That has been approved by actual examples and burning tests. The fuelbreaks also benefit the forest ecosystem and environment. This paper makes a review on fuelbreaks research and application in China, discussed present research achievements about fuelbreaks mechanism and its development. In the future, the Chinese government and local communities will increase investment in the construction of firebreaks network with fuelbreaks as focal points.     

黑龙江省1980-1999年森林火灾释放碳量的估算

根据黑龙江省1980—1999年的森林火灾统计数据和对黑龙江省各森林类型地上生物量的估算,计算出黑龙江省森林年平均森林火灾损失地上生物量391758·65~522344·95t,占全国的6·4%~8·4%。年均释放碳176291·39~235055·23t,约占全国年均森林火灾排放碳的8%。用排放比法得出黑龙江省年平均森林火灾释放的CO2、CO、CH4、NMHC量分别为581761·6~775682·25t、34892·275~46523·04t、14091·11~18788·15t和6500~9000t。     

把林火灾害问题纳入风险管理范畴的探讨

风险管理正在成为全球关注的新学科。森林火灾不可避免,灾害风险不容回避,把林火灾害纳入风险管理范畴,是预防、减少和控制森林火灾的重要手段和措施。文中阐明了林火灾害风险及风险管理的概念和含义,明确了风险判识、风险分析、风险评估和风险控制特别是风险评估的内容与方法。     

怀集县木荷防火林带的防护效能

怀苎县营建的木荷生物防火林带，经测试具有很好的抗火性、耐火性、难燃性等特点，可阻隔地表火和林冠火的蔓延，起到防火的作用，并可改善林地环境，防止水土流失，其经济效益、生态效益和社会效盖显著。文章还介绍了木荷防火林带的营建技术。     

Monitor Forest Fires with FY Serial Satellites

Remote sensing as the measure to monitor disasters has the advantage of temporal resolution and large scale. Since "5.6 catastrophe" in 1987, China began to monitor forest fires broadly. In the summer of 2002, many forest/grass fires occurred in the Daxing'anling Mountains, and the damage was very heavy. In the forest fires fighting, the meteorological satellites play an important role in monitoring the fires. Especially the FY serial meteorological satellites have the advantage of large scale monitoring and characteristics of being in time and exact, and get good results. Remote sensing techniques have been used in many aspects of forest/grass fires research, including burned area and fireline intensity evaluation, post fire environment monitoring etc.     

FRW阻燃杨木胶合板物理力学性能和阻燃性能的研究

选用新型木材阻燃剂FRW处理杨木单板,研制阻燃性能优异的FRW阻燃杨木胶合板,并对其各项物理力学性能和阻燃性能进行了测试.结果表明:FRW阻燃杨木胶合板的物理力学性能可达到GB 9846-2004《胶合板普通胶合板通用技术条件》的规定,阻燃性能达到日本标准JISD1322-77中规定的难燃一级品标准和中华人民共和国公共安全行业标准GA/T42.1-92《阻燃木材燃烧性能试验方法--木垛法》的规定.     

Forest Fires and Prevention Strategies in Northwestern Region of China

The paper described the natural conditions and forest types in Northwestern Region of China. Most forests in the region are distributed in subalpine areas. It is important to protect the existent forests in the region for maintaining ecological balance. According to the statistics results of 1991~2000, the paper analyzes the forest fires distribution and fire severity. Annually the numbers of forest fires range from 52 to 240. The incidence rate of forest fires in Northwestern Region is under 0.33 per ten thousand ha. There are 0.67-64.4 ha burned area per ten thousand ha forest. The main reasons for forest fires lie in the dry weather conditions, many firebrands, and high fuel loading. The strategies of fire management in the region are to stress the fire education in forest regions, strength the firebrands' management, emphasize the fuel management, and improve the fire monitoring and fire control ability.     

红外成像林火监测报警车载指挥系统的研究

红外成像林火监测报警指挥车载系统是一个车载充氦气、有左右机翼且携带红外成像仪、激光测距仪和GPS(卫星定位)装置的飞艇型氦气球(简称飞艇)监测系统。在防火期，可开往林火多发地区，采用吊舱形式将红外成像仪、激光测距仪、GPS挂在飞艇的下方，将飞艇升向高空，利用火源与背景之间的温差形成热图象，全天候、多方位、自动搜索林火目标，产生报警，并将报警信号、热图象信号及林火、火源中心点的经纬度，通过有线网或移动通讯网。传送到防火指挥中心，由防火指挥部门组织化学灭火飞机，将林火目标扑灭在萌芽阶段。